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Intravenous (IV) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates NF-κB pathway and elicits a systemic immune response. (A) Tg(NF:κB:GFP) larvae were IV injected with PBS, LPS, or left uninjected. Representative images of GFP signals at indicated time points post injection. Images representative of three independent experiments were shown (n = 20). Scale bar: 200 µm. (B) Quantification of the GFP intensity in the caudal fin region (red box in Figure 2A). Results are presented as mean ± SD (D) (n = 3 independent experiments with over 20 larvae each/experiment). **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, Kruskal–Wallis test. (C,D) Transcript levels of genes encoding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole larvae injected with either PBS or LPS at 8 hpi (C) and 24 hpi (D). Results were normalized with ef1α and are presented as means ± SD (n = 3 biological repeats with 20 larvae in each group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, Sidak’s multiple comparisons test.
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