PUBLICATION
Protein kinase C family evolution in jawed vertebrates
- Authors
- Garcia-Concejo, A., Larhammar, D.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-210731-8
- Date
- 2021
- Source
- Developmental Biology 479: 77-90 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Larhammar, Dan
- Keywords
- Evolution, Protein kinase C, Synteny, Tetraploidization, Vertebrates
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Biological Evolution
- Evolution, Molecular
- Fishes/genetics
- Gene Duplication/genetics
- Genome/genetics
- Humans
- Mammals/genetics
- Multigene Family
- Phylogeny
- Protein Kinase C/genetics*
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism*
- Vertebrates/genetics
- PubMed
- 34329618 Full text @ Dev. Biol.
Citation
Garcia-Concejo, A., Larhammar, D. (2021) Protein kinase C family evolution in jawed vertebrates. Developmental Biology. 479:77-90.
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) was one of the first kinases identified in human cells. It is now known to constitute a family of kinases that respond to diacylglycerol, phosphatidylserine and for some family members, Ca2+. They have a plethora of different functions, such as cell cycle regulation, immune response and memory formation. In mammals, 12 PKC family members have been described, usually divided into 4 different subfamilies. We present here a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the PKC genes in jawed vertebrates with special focus on the impact of the two tetraploidizations (1R and 2R) before the radiation of jawed vertebrates and the teleost tetraploidization (3R), as illuminated by synteny and paralogon analysis including many neighboring gene families. We conclude that the vertebrate predecessor had five PKC genes, as tunicates and lancelets still do, and that the PKC family should therefore ideally be organized into five subfamilies. The 1R and 2R events led to a total of 12 genes distributed among these five subfamilies. All 12 genes are still present in some of the major lineages of jawed vertebrates, including mammals, whereas birds and cartilaginous fishes have lost one member. The 3R event added another nine genes in teleosts, bringing the total to 21 genes. The zebrafish, a common experimental model animal, has retained 19. We have found no independent gene duplications. Thus, the genome doublings completely account for the complexity of this gene family in jawed vertebrates and have thereby had a huge impact on their evolution.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping