Fig. 1

GM specifically inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome. (A) Schematic outline of the in vitro NLRP3 inflammasome activation experiments. (B, C) J774A.1 cells were treated with GM for 2 h or overnight, respectively. (D) Differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with GM for 2 h, and cell viability was measured. (E, F) LPS-primed J774A.1 cells were treated with GM for 2 h and activated by (E) nigericin (10 μM) for 30 min or (F) MSU (100 μg/mL) for 3 h with or without MCC950. (G) LPS-primed THP-1 cells were treated with GM for 2 h and activated by nigericin (10 μM) for 1 h with or without MCC950. (H) To activate the AIM2 inflammasome, LPS-primed J774A.1 cells were treated with GM for 2 h and transfected with dsDNA (2 μg/mL) for 3 h. (I) To activate the NLRC4 inflammasome, LPS-primed J774A.1 cells were treated with GM for 2 h and transfected with flagellin (1.25 μg/mL) for 3 h. Supernatants and lysate were assessed via immunoblotting. Data are displayed as the means ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used for statistical analyses; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, n.s. not significant. GM, Guarea microcarpa C. DC Extract; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; IL-1β, interleukin-1beta.