Generation of single-cell–resolution fate and proliferation maps. (A) The single-cell–resolution fate map of early foregut endoderm. This map was established based on the descendant distribution ratios of every individual foregut progenitor cell. Each pie chart represents one early endodermal progenitor cell. Different colors represent different descendant cell fates. The size of a sector represents the ratio of descendant cells entering the corresponding lineage. The dotted circles indicate flexible positions. Borderlines of different digestive organs at 48 hpf are indicated on the lower right. red, pancreas; blue, liver; green, HPD; and purple, swim bladder. (B) The single-cell resolution map was established according to the number of descendant cells produced from 4-somite to 48 hpf. Different grids indicate different ranges of descendant numbers. The area chart indicates the average number of descendant cells within each column. The value of each column represents the average number of descendant cells produced by one progenitor in this column. Red and blue dashed frames represent the PPC and peri-PC regions, respectively. (C) The statistics show the average descendant cell number produced by pancreatic progenitors (n = 43), liver progenitors (n = 55), foregut progenitors (n = 139), and HPD progenitors (n = 6). Data are expressed as mean ± SD; P value is calculated using Student’s t test.
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