SOD1 G93R mutant locomotor activity. (A) The distances that 6 dpf WT and mSOD1 larvae swam following light stimuli per 1 min time bin were measured and averaged (*** p < 0.001; linear mixed effect model; n = 48/group). (B) The change (%) in the distance that the WT larvae swam compared to mSod1 larvae. The distances were averaged per fish for the whole 10 min period following light stimuli, scaled per plate and compared between conditions (*** p < 0.001; linear mixed effect model; n = 48/group).

1-Fe treatment improved mSOD1 larvae motor performance. (A) The distance that mSOD1 larvae swam per time bin of 1 min following light stimuli was averaged for all larvae. mSOD1 larvae were treated with either vehicle (0.1% DMSO; Ct), 0.05, 0.1, 1 or 5 μM 1-Fe (* p < 0.05; linear mixed model, Tukey post hoc test, n = 94-6/group). (B) The change (%) in the distance the mSOD1-treated larvae swam compared to their vehicle-treated mSOD1 counterparts. The distances were averaged per fish for the whole period following light stimuli, scaled per plate and compared between treatments (* p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test; n = 94-6/group). (C) Characteristic swimming paths of individual larvae for 60 s. Restoration of the swimming pattern was observed following treatment with 1-Fe.

1-Fe treatment did not affect motor activity of WT larvae. (A) The distance vehicle-treated (0.1% DMSO; Ct) or 1 μM 1-Fe-treated WT larvae swam, per time bin of 1 min following light stimuli was averaged (ns = non-significant; linear mixed effect model, n = 48/group). (B) The change (%) in the distance the WT-treated larvae swam compared to their vehicle-treated WT counterparts. The distances swam were averaged per larva for the whole 10 min following light stimuli, scaled per plate and compared between treatments (ns = non-significant; linear mixed effect model, n = 48/group).

The structure of the corrole-based catalytic antioxidant 1-Fe and a comparison of its ROS decomposition rates relative to those of the natural enzymes (SOD for O₂•− and catalase for H₂O₂) and porphyrin-based metal (Mn or Fe) complexes [28,29,30,31].