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Fig. 2 GM does not affect NF-κB signaling. (A) LPS-primed J774A.1 cells were treated with GM for 2 h. NF-κB (p65) translocation was confirmed via immunoblotting. (B) pGL4.32 luciferase reporter vector-transfected 293T cells were stimulated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) and simultaneously treated with GM for 5 h. The luciferase activity of NF-κB was measured using a Promega Bright-Glo luciferase assay system. (C) LPS-primed J774A.1 cells and (D) LPS-primed THP-1 cells were treated with GM for 2 h and activated with nigericin (10 μM) for 30 min or 1 h, respectively. Supernatants and lysates were assessed via immunoblotting. Data are displayed as the means ± SEM. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used for statistical analyses; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, n.s. not significant.