Fig. 5

Uric acid aggravated heart failure is most likely driven by FFA accumulation through SREBP1/FASN pathway. A 1 mM UA treatment and 0.5 mM ISO induced increased Fasn and Srebp1 mRNA expression in Tg(fli1:EGFP) zebrafish larvae at 72, 96 and 120 hpf. B–F, FFA treatments, including 50 μM Palmitic acid and Stearic acid incubation, caused heart failure in Tg(fli1:EGFP) zebrafish larvae, quantified by increased cardiovascular cavity size (B, C) and nppb level at 120hpf (E), heart beats per minute (D) and Fasn (F) level were not altered. In A, E, F, expression of mRNA was analysed by RT-qPCR and was normalized to both b-actin and b2m, each single dot represents one zebrafish cluster’s data, which includes 20–30 zebrafish larvae. In B–D, 9–25 zebrafish larvae were used in each group and each single dot represents one zebrafish’s data. For statistical analysis one-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test was applied, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. UA, uric acid; ISO, isoproterenol; PA, palmitic acid; SA, stearic acid. FFA, free fatty acid