ZFIN Image: Trofimenko et al., 2021, Figure 7.

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Figure Caption

Figure 7.

Model of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) direct translocation through water pores.

Cationic CPP translocation across cellular membranes is favored by the opening of potassium channels or by hyperpolarizing drugs, such as valinomycin. This sets a sufficiently low membrane potential permissive for CPP direct translocation. When cationic CPPs bind to these already polarized membranes, they induce megapolarization (i.e. a membrane potential estimated to be –150 mV or lower). This leads to the formation of water pores that are then used by CPPs to enter cells.

Acknowledgments

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