Figure 2

Figure 2

Exosomes enhance the transendothelial migration of breast cancer cells and inhibit the HUVEC tube formation. (A) Expression of exosome markers in MDA-MB-231 exosomes revealed by Western blot analysis. (B) An electron microscopic image of exosomes (red arrows) derived from MDA-MB-231. Scale bar, 100 nm. (C) Granularity and uniformity of exosomes determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. (D) Images of transendothelial MDA-MB-231 cells after treating HUVECs with different concentrations of exosomes. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Migration of MDA-MB-231 through HUVECs layers after treatment with MDA-MB-231-derived exosomes. (F) Image of tube formation in exosome-treated HUVECs. Scale bar, 1 mm. (G) The tube formation in HUVECs treated with different concentrations of exosomes. (H) Time course of the tube formation in HUVECs treated with 100 μg/mL exosomes. Data are shown as means ± standard deviation (SD) and results were from three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; ns, no significance by unpaired Student’s t-test.