Figure 1

RVFV infection in zebrafish larvae resulting in viral replication and innate immune response. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental timeline, conditions, and injection site. Drawings acquired through BioRender. (B) Viral RNA copies of RVFV_35/74 per zebrafish larva. Mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.) of 5–8 pools of 10 larvae from 8 independent experiments. The dotted line shows limit of quantification (LOQ). (C) Titres of RVFV_35/74 infectious viral particles in zebrafish larvae. Mean ± s.e.m. of 6 pools of 10 larvae from 6 independent experiments. (D) Relative fold induction of infϕ1, mxa, isg-15, and rsad2 in RVFV_35/74 infected zebrafish larvae compared to PBS-injected zebrafish larvae. Results determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to 18 s, ef1α, and β-actin at 0 dpi. Mean ± s.e.m. of 8 pools of 10 larvae from 8 independent experiments. (E) Viral RNA copies of RVFV_35/74 per zebrafish larva after immersion in Danieau’s solution containing the vehicle, 1000 µM, or 10 mM 2′-FdC at 0 dpi. Mean ± s.e.m. of 5 pools of 10 larvae from 5 independent experiments. The dotted line shows LOQ. dpf = days post fertilization; dpi = days post infection; RVFV = Rift Valley fever virus; 2′-FdC = 2′-Fluoro-2′-deoxycytidine; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001; ns = not significant.