Fig. 1

Dynamic autophagy signaling in a zebrafish adult anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (aAIC) model and modifying effects of atg7^+/−. A, Schematics of the experimental procedure of an AIC in an adult (aAIC) zebrafish model (doxorubicin [DOX]). B, Dynamics of ejection fraction (EF)% in the DOX-treated zebrafish and the control group using a high-frequency echo system (n=15). C, Representative Western blot showing temporal changes in LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II) protein expression in the hearts of adult zebrafish with AIC. Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1; 30 nmol/L) was administered 4 h before the zebrafish were sacrificed. D–G, Quantification of LC3-II and the ratio between hearts treated with and without BafA1 in C, n=3 hearts/group. H, Representative images of a Western blot showing the LC3 expression in the hearts of wild-type (WT) and atg7^+/− zebrafish in the absence or presence of 30 nmol/L BafA1 for 4 h. I and J, Quantification of the Western blot data in H, n=3 in each group. K, Ventricular ejection fraction of WT and atg7^−/+ zebrafish with or without DOX stress 8 wk postinjection (wpi; n=10 fish/group). L, Quantification of nppa and nppb gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. n=3 per group. Student t test was used in B; Mann-Whitney test in E, G, and J; Kruskal-Wallis test in D, F, I, and L; one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test in K. dpi indicates day postinjection; LC3, light chain 3; and NS, normal saline.