Tools to study retinal circuits. (A) Confocal image of the UV-cone reporter line Tg(sws1:GFP)kj9 retina (magenta), overlaid with DAPI nuclear staining (cyan) and a transmitted DIC image. (B) Confocal image of the S-cone reporter line Tg(-3.5opn1sw2:EGFP)k11 retina (blue), overlaid with DAPI nuclear staining (cyan) and a transmitted DIC image. (C) Bipolar cell labeling using PKCα immunolabeling (yellow) and the On-bipolar reporter line Tg(grm6b:EGFP)zh1 (blue). Rod-contacting bipolar cells are brightly labeled by the PKCα antibody, while another subset of bipolars is more dimly labeled. Some of these are doubly labeled with the transgenic line. (D) Immunolabeling of off-bipolar synapses with photoreceptors using an antibody against the inotropic glutamate receptor type 4 (gria4), in the background of a double transgenic reporter line Tg(sws1:GFP)kj9 (magenta) and Tg(grm6b:EGFP)zh1 (blue). Inset shows that the punctate labeling in the IPL overlaps with the synaptic terminals of cones and the bipolar cell dendrites. (E) Sparse labeling of horizontal cells using DiI (yellow) in the background of the S-cone reporter line Tg(-3.5opn1sw2:EGFP)k11. Image corresponds to a maximal intensity projection of a confocal stack, where synaptic contacts between the horizontal cell and S-cones are apparent. (F) Maximal intensity projection of an orthogonal view restricted to the box gray in (E), highlighting the invaginations of horizontal processes into the cone synaptic terminals. This particular projection is oriented through a row of UV- and S-cones and the bigger horizontal processes most likely correspond to invaginations into UV-cone terminals.
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