Fig. S3

Model sensitivity to red blood cell (RBC) shape and stiffness. Related to Fig. 3. A) Computational model for RBC flows at three different instants of the heart beat for round elastic red blood cells (cf. Fig. S1G-I). B) Flow direction in the AVC model: magenta, flow is from atrium to ventricle; black, flow is from ventricle to atrium; white, no flow or not visible. Solid arrows point in the direction of the flow. C) Fundamental harmonic _T1, D) time average _T0, and E) non-periodic oscillation ~ of the shear stress. C-E) The blue solid line corresponds to the RBC shape of the test case of Fig. S1 and 3, np =106, and _Trlx/_TU = 0:16. The three dashed lines correspond to the rounder RBC shape shown in A and are obtained using the same, stiffer (_Trlx=_TU = 0:1), and softer (_Trlx=_TU = 0:32) RBC membranes (dashed arrow points to larger value of stiffness). The superscript denotes that results are normalized by the space average of f_tf₁/r/dt.. a: atrium; avc: atrioventricular canal; v: ventricle.