FIGURE

Fig. 1

ID

ZDB-FIG-150107-13

Publication

Dworkin et al., 2014 - Grainyhead-like 3 regulation of endothelin-1 in the pharyngeal endoderm is critical for growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton

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Fig. 1

Loss of grhl3 causes defects in lower-jaw growth and development. (A-F) grhl3 is expressed in the medial endoderm (me) and developing endodermal pouches (ep) of the pharynx. Expression persists throughout the pharyngeal arches (white arrows) until at least 96 hpf (A-C, lateral view, anterior to left, inset in A shows cross-section in the plane of dotted line; D, dorsal view; E and F, ventral views). (G and H) Following MO-mediated knockdown of grhl3, fish exhibit defective craniofacial development when visualised by brightfield microscopy. (I and J) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at 48 hpf shows defective formation of the ventral region of the mouth (red arrows) in grhl3-morphants (I) relative to controls (J). (K–N) Lateral (K, L) and ventral (M, N) views of Alcian Blue stained cartilage displaying severe hypoplasia (palatoquadrate [pq], ceratohyal [ch] Meckel’s cartilage [mc]) or absence (basihyal [bh], ceratobranchials [cb]) of jaw structures in grhl3 morphants relative to controls. The hyosymplectic (hs) and ethmoid plate (ep) display minimal changes in grhl3 morphants at 96 hpf.

Expression Data

Gene:	grhl3
Fish:	WT
Anatomical Terms:	endoderm medial region pharyngeal arch pharyngeal endoderm pharyngeal pouch
Stage Range:	Prim-5 to Day 4

Expression Detail

Antibody Labeling

Phenotype Data

Fish:	WT + MO2-grhl3
Knockdown Reagent:	MO2-grhl3
Observed In:	basihyal cartilage ceratobranchial cartilage ceratohyal cartilage Meckel's cartilage mouth palatoquadrate arch splanchnocranium
Stage Range:	Long-pec to Day 4

Phenotype Detail

Acknowledgments

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Reprinted from Mechanisms of Development, 133, Dworkin, S., Simkin, J., Darido, C., Partridge, D.D., Georgy, S.R., Caddy, J., Wilanowski, T., Lieschke, G.J., Doggett, K., Heath, J.K., Jane, S.M., Grainyhead-like 3 regulation of endothelin-1 in the pharyngeal endoderm is critical for growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton, 77-90, Copyright (2014) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ Mech. Dev.