Fig. 1

Tail coiling (a) recorded at 24 h and touch-evoked response (b) recorded at 72 h 2-ethylhexanol exposure. The results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (N = 12). The arrows shown in the figure denote a significant trend of the slope (p: p-value, β: slope). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences compared with the control (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2

Individual behavior activity ((a) distance moved and (b) turn angle), of zebrafish larvae after 120 h 2-ethylhexanol exposure. The results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (N = 12). Significant differences were determined for each phase. Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences compared with the control (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3

Social behavior activity ((a) body contact, and (b) distance between zebrafish larvae after 120 h 2-ethylhexanol exposure. Results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (N = 3, 5 larvae per replicate). The arrows shown in the figure denote a significant trend of the slope (p: p-value, β: slope). Significant differences were determined for each phase. Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences compared with the control (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4

ELISA results for AChE (a) and DA (b) after 120 h 2-ethylhexanol exposure. The results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (N = 3). The arrows shown in the figure denote a significant trend of the slope (p: p-value, β: slope). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences compared with the control (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5

Fluorescent images of tg(elavl3:eGFP) line (a) showing brain width (b) and spinal cord width (c) results after 120 h 2-ethylhexanol exposure. The results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (N = 6). The arrows shown in the figure denote a significant trend of the slope (p: p-value, β: slope). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences compared with the control (p < 0.05).

Fig. 6

Fluorescent images of tg(mbp:mGFP) line (a) and fluorescent intensity (b) results after 120 h 2-ethylhexanol exposure. The results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (N = 6). The arrows shown in the figure denote a significant trend of the slope (p: p-value, β: slope). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences compared with the control (p < 0.05).

Fig. 7

Gene transcription changes in whole-body homogenates of zebrafish larvae after 120 h of 2-ethylhexanol exposure ((a) Autism-related genes (b) Neurodevelopment-related genes (c) Neurotransmitter-related genes). The results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (N = 4). The arrows shown in the figure denote a significant trend of the slope (p: p-value, β: slope). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences compared with the control (p < 0.05).

Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image.

Reprinted from Journal of hazardous materials, 488, Eghan, K., Lee, S., Yoo, D., Kim, W.K., 2-Ethylhexanol induces autism-like neurobehavior and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish, 137469137469, Copyright (2025) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ J. Hazard. Mater.
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