PUBLICATION
Zinc oxide-induced changes to sunscreen ingredient efficacy and toxicity under UV irradiation
- Authors
- Ginzburg, A.L., Blackburn, R.S., Santillan, C., Truong, L., Tanguay, R.L., Hutchison, J.E.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-211015-19
- Date
- 2021
- Source
- Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 20: 1273-1285 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Tanguay, Robyn L.
- Keywords
- Formulation, Photodegradation, Sunscreen, Toxicity, Zebrafish, Zinc oxide
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Particle Size
- Sunscreening Agents/chemistry
- Sunscreening Agents/pharmacology*
- Sunscreening Agents/toxicity*
- Ultraviolet Rays*
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zinc Oxide/chemistry
- Zinc Oxide/pharmacology*
- Zinc Oxide/toxicity*
- PubMed
- 34647278 Full text @ Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
Citation
Ginzburg, A.L., Blackburn, R.S., Santillan, C., Truong, L., Tanguay, R.L., Hutchison, J.E. (2021) Zinc oxide-induced changes to sunscreen ingredient efficacy and toxicity under UV irradiation. Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology. 20:1273-1285.
Abstract
Sunscreen safety and efficacy is generally evaluated based upon the properties of the individual chemicals in a formulation. However, the photostability of sunscreens has been shown to be highly dependent on the mixture of chemicals present. To better understand how sunscreen formulation influences stability, and to establish a foundation for probing the influence of zinc oxide additives, we formulated five different small-molecule based ultraviolet-filter (UV-filter) mixtures with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 15. These mixtures contained active ingredients approved in either the United States or European Union and were designed to represent formulations of actual products on the market. We evaluated the photostability and toxicity of these mixtures in the absence and presence of zinc oxide after UV exposure for two hours. Changes in UV absorbance were minimal for all five small-molecule-based mixtures without zinc oxide. The presence of either micro- or nano-sized zinc oxide caused significant small-molecule photodegradation and the degraded mixtures exhibited higher levels of toxicity in embryonic zebrafish assays. This study suggests that caution must be taken when formulating sunscreens containing both zinc oxide and small-molecule UV-filters to avoid unintended consequences during use.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping