PUBLICATION
Teratogenic effects induced by paracetamol, ciprofloxacin, and their mixture on Danio rerio embryos: Oxidative stress implications
- Authors
- Rosas-Ramírez, J.R., Orozco-Hernández, J.M., Elizalde-Velázquez, G.A., Raldúa, D., Islas-Flores, H., Gómez-Oliván, L.M.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-211005-4
- Date
- 2021
- Source
- The Science of the total environment 806: 150541 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Raldúa, Demetrio
- Keywords
- Antioxidant defense, Cellular oxidation, Embryotoxicity, Teratogenesis, Zebrafish embryos
- MeSH Terms
-
- Acetaminophen/metabolism
- Acetaminophen/toxicity
- Animals
- Ciprofloxacin/metabolism
- Ciprofloxacin/toxicity
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Water Pollutants, Chemical*/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical*/toxicity
- Zebrafish*
- PubMed
- 34601175 Full text @ Sci. Total Environ.
Citation
Rosas-Ramírez, J.R., Orozco-Hernández, J.M., Elizalde-Velázquez, G.A., Raldúa, D., Islas-Flores, H., Gómez-Oliván, L.M. (2021) Teratogenic effects induced by paracetamol, ciprofloxacin, and their mixture on Danio rerio embryos: Oxidative stress implications. The Science of the total environment. 806:150541.
Abstract
Even though the toxic effects of paracetamol (PCM) and ciprofloxacin (CPX) have been deeply studied in the last decades, the impact of the PCM-CPX mixture may induce in aquatic organisms is poorly known. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the teratogenic effects and oxidative stress that PCM, CPX, and their mixture induce in Danio rerio embryos. Moreover, we aimed to determine whether the PCM-CPX mixture induces more severe effects on the embryos than the individual drugs. For this purpose, zebrafish embryos (4 hpf) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of PCM, CPX, and their mixture until 96 hpf. In addition, at 72 hpf and 96 hpf, we also evaluated the oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, and hydroperoxides and carbonyl content) in the embryos. Our results demonstrated that PCM, CPX, and their mixture reduced the survival rate of embryos by up to 75%. In addition, both drugs, induced morphological alterations in the embryos, causing their death. The most observed malformations were: scoliosis, craniofacial malformations, hypopigmentation, growth retardation, pericardial edema. Concerning oxidative stress, our integrated biomarkers response (IBR) analysis demonstrated that PCM, CPX, and their mixture induce oxidative damage on the embryos. In conclusion, PCM, CPX, and their mixture can alter zebrafish embryonic development via an oxidative stress response.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping