PUBLICATION
Dynamics of cilia length in left-right development
- Authors
- Pintado, P., Sampaio, P., Tavares, B., Montenegro-Johnson, T.D., Smith, D.J., Lopes, S.S.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-170414-5
- Date
- 2017
- Source
- Royal Society open science 4: 161102 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Lopes, Susana
- Keywords
- cilia length, flow dynamics, left–right development
- MeSH Terms
- none
- PubMed
- 28405397 Full text @ R Soc Open Sci
Citation
Pintado, P., Sampaio, P., Tavares, B., Montenegro-Johnson, T.D., Smith, D.J., Lopes, S.S. (2017) Dynamics of cilia length in left-right development. Royal Society open science. 4:161102.
Abstract
Reduction in the length of motile cilia in the zebrafish left-right organizer (LRO), also known as Kupffer's vesicle, has a large impact on left-right development. Here we demonstrate through genetic overexpression in zebrafish embryos and mathematical modelling that the impact of increased motile cilia length in embryonic LRO fluid flow is milder than that of short cilia. Through Arl13b overexpression, which increases cilia length without impacting cilia beat frequency, we show that the increase in cilium length is associated with a decrease in beat amplitude, resulting in similar flow strengths for Arl13b overexpression and wild-type (WT) embryos, which were not predicted by current theory. Longer cilia exhibit pronounced helical beat patterns and, consequently, lower beat amplitudes relative to WT, a result of an elastohydrodynamic shape transition. For long helical cilia, fluid dynamics modelling predicts a mild (approx. 12%) reduction in the torque exerted on the fluid relative to the WT, resulting in a proportional reduction in flow generation. This mild reduction is corroborated by experiments, providing a mechanism for the mild impact on organ situs.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping