PUBLICATION

VEGF-B-Neuropilin-1 signaling is spatiotemporally indispensable for vascular and neuronal development in zebrafish

Authors
Jensen, L.D., Nakamura, M., Bräutigam, L., Li, X., Liu, Y., Samani, N.J., Cao, Y.
ID
ZDB-PUB-151021-9
Date
2015
Source
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America   112(44): E5944-53 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Keywords
Neuropilin, VEGF-B, brain development, vasculature, zebrafish
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Blood Vessels/embryology*
  • Gene Knockdown Techniques
  • Neurons/cytology*
  • Neuropilin-1/metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B/genetics
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B/metabolism*
  • Zebrafish/embryology*
PubMed
26483474 Full text @ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Abstract
Physiological functions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B remain an enigma, and deletion of the Vegfb gene in mice lacks an overt phenotype. Here we show that knockdown of Vegfba, but not Vegfbb, in zebrafish embryos by specific morpholinos produced a lethal phenotype owing to vascular and neuronal defects in the brain. Vegfba morpholinos also markedly prevented development of hyaloid vasculatures in the retina, but had little effects on peripheral vascular development. Consistent with phenotypic defects, Vegfba, but not Vegfaa, mRNA was primarily expressed in the brain of developing zebrafish embryos. Interestingly, in situ detection of Neuropilin1 (Nrp1) mRNA showed an overlapping expression pattern with Vegfba, and knockdown of Nrp1 produced a nearly identically lethal phenotype as Vegfba knockdown. Furthermore, zebrafish VEGF-Ba protein directly bound to NRP1. Importantly, gain-of-function by exogenous delivery of mRNAs coding for NRP1-binding ligands VEGF-B or VEGF-A to the zebrafish embryos rescued the lethal phenotype by normalizing vascular development. Similarly, exposure of zebrafish embryos to hypoxia also rescued the Vegfba morpholino-induced vascular defects in the brain by increasing VEGF-A expression. Independent evidence of VEGF-A gain-of-function was provided by using a functionally defective Vhl-mutant zebrafish strain, which again rescued the Vegfba morpholino-induced vascular defects. These findings show that VEGF-B is spatiotemporally required for vascular development in zebrafish embryos and that NRP1, but not VEGFR1, mediates the essential signaling.
Genes / Markers
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Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping