PUBLICATION
Toxicity and estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of phthalates and their mixtures
- Authors
- Chen, X., Xu, S., Tan, T., Lee, S.T., Cheng, S.H., Lee, F.W., Xu, S.J., Ho, K.C.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-140513-333
- Date
- 2014
- Source
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11: 3156-68 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Cheng, Shuk Han
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Embryonic Development/drug effects*
- Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity*
- Oryzias
- Phthalic Acids/toxicity*
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
- Zebrafish
- PubMed
- 24637910 Full text @ Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
Citation
Chen, X., Xu, S., Tan, T., Lee, S.T., Cheng, S.H., Lee, F.W., Xu, S.J., Ho, K.C. (2014) Toxicity and estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of phthalates and their mixtures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 11:3156-68.
Abstract
Phthalates, widely used in flexible plastics and consumer products, have become ubiquitous contaminants worldwide. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) and their mixtures. Using a 72 h zebrafish embryo toxicity test, the LC50 values of BBP, DBP and a mixture of the six phthalates were found to be 0.72, 0.63 and 0.50 ppm, respectively. The other four phthalates did not cause more than 50% exposed embryo mortality even at their highest soluble concentrations. The typical toxicity symptoms caused by phthalates were death, tail curvature, necrosis, cardio edema and no touch response. Using an estrogen-responsive ChgH-EGFP transgenic medaka (Oryzias melastigma) eleutheroembryos based 24 h test, BBP demonstrated estrogenic activity, DBP, DEHP, DINP and the mixture of the six phthalates exhibited enhanced-estrogenic activity and DIDP and DNOP showed no enhanced- or anti-estrogenic activity. These findings highlighted the developmental toxicity of BBP and DBP, and the estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of BBP, DBP, DEHP and DINP on intact organisms, indicating that the widespread use of these phthalates may cause potential health risks to human beings.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping