Arsequell, G., Rosa, M., Mayato, C., Dorta, R.L., Gonzalez-Nunez, V., Barreto-Valer, K., Marcelo, F., Calle, L.P., Vázquez, J.T., Rodríguez, R.E., Jiménez-Barbero, J., and Valencia, G. (2011) Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural characterization of novel glycopeptide analogues of nociceptin N/OFQ. Organic & biomolecular chemistry. 9(17):6133-42.
Abstract
To examine if the biological activity of the N/OFQ peptide, which is the native ligand of the pain-related and viable drug target NOP receptor, could be modulated by glycosylation and if such effects could be conformationally related, we have synthesized three N/OFQ glycopeptide analogues, namely: [Thr5-O-α-D-GalNAc-N/OFQ] (glycopeptide1), [Ser10-O-α-D-GalNAc]-N/OFQ (glycopeptide2) and [Ser10-O-β-D-GlcNAc]-N/OFQ] (glycopeptide3). They were tested for biological activity in competition binding assays using the zebrafish animal model in which glycopeptide2 exhibited a slightly improved binding affinity, whereas glycopeptide1 showed a remarkably reduced binding affinity compared to the parent compound and glycopeptide3. The structural analysis of these glycopeptides and the parent N/OFQ peptide by NMR and circular dichroism indicated that their aqueous solutions are mainly populated by random coil conformers. However, in membrane mimic environments a certain proportion of the molecules of all these peptides exist as α-helix structures. Interestingly, under these experimental conditions, glycopeptide1 (glycosylated at Thr-5) exhibited a population of folded hairpin-like geometries. From these facts it is tempting to speculate that nociceptin analogues showing linear helical structures are more complementary and thus interact more efficiently with the native NOP receptor than folded structures, since glycopeptide1 showed a significantly reduced binding affinity for the NOP receptor.
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