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Fig. 5 Hypothermic cooling reduces DPR expression in C9orf72-ALS/FTD cell models. (A) HEK293T, N2A and HeLa cells were transfected with control (C), sense (S), and antisense (AS) constructs and protein lysates were collected following 48 hours of hypothermic cooling (32°C). Western blot analysis and quantification of (B–D) V5-DPRs and (E–G) cold shock proteins CIRBP and RBM3. Data presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ANOVA = analysis of variance; CIRBP = cold-inducible RNA-binding protein; FTD = frontotemporal dementia; DPR = dipeptide repeat; SD = standard deviation. [Color figure can be viewed at www.annalsofneurology.org]