Fig 10

Fig 10 The fundamental components and physics of the cell-and-plasma phase CFD model.

(A) Membrane deformation characteristics modelled by the coarse-grained spectrin model (CGSM) in terms of spectrin extension (i) and plasma membrane areal expansion (ii). (B) Forces arising in the CGSM due to membrane deformations (i) and cell-cell & cell-lumen-wall contact (ii). (C) Schematics of the velocity update in the immersed boundary method (IBM) where surrounding fluid velocities calculated by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) solver (i) are interpolated to membrane point in accordance with Eqs (7) & (8) and the stencil width W (ii). (D) Schematics of the momentum update in the immersed boundary method where forces of deformation in the membrane (solved by CGSM) are spread to the fluid as body-forces (i) in accordance with Eqs (8) & (9) and the stencil width W (ii).