Fig. 2
Cellular uptake of DNIC-2 and intracellular release of nitric oxide in human skin fibroblast (CCD-966SK) cells. (a) Cell viability assay of the human skin fibroblast (CCD-966SK) cells treated with different concentrations of DNIC-2 for 24 h **** p < 0.001 compared to the group without treatment of DNIC-2. (b) Representative EPR spectra for CCD-966SK cells treated with 50 μM of DNIC-2 for 0 h (black) and 1 h (red). (c) Formation and decay of protein-bound DNIC in CCD-966SK cells after treatment of 50 μM of DNIC-2 for 0, 0.5, 1, 4, and 8 h. (d) Fluorescence images of CCD-966SK cells treated with DAF-FM (10 μM) for 1 h, with DAF-FM (10 μM) and DNIC-2 (50 μM) for 4 h, and with DAF-FM (10 μM) and NONOate (133 μM) for 1 h, respectively. (e) Time-dependent change of fluorescence intensity of CCD-966SK cells treated with 10 μM of DAF-FM and 50 μM of DNIC-2 (black) or with 10 μM of DAF-FM and 133 μM of NONOate (red) for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h, which were fitted to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Data show the mean ± SD from three independent experiments.