Fig. 4

Activation and conservation of human ALDHs. The ALDH assay measures the conversion of NAD+ to NADH using a colorimetric probe (A). ALDH enzymatic activity was determined in lysates of HepG2 cells. Two concentrations of napabucasin were used (50 μM and 100 μM) as well as a known ALDH activator, ALDA-1 (20 μM). 1% DMSO was used as a control, and experiments were performed in triplicate. p∗∗∗ <0.001, p∗∗∗∗ <0.0001. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA (B). The shifting (underlined) zebrafish aldh1a2, aldh1a3, and aldh2.1 show a large degree of conservation with their human counterparts (shown in italic and bold), but show no large conservation with other zebrafish or human Aldh enzymes (C). Aldhs, aldehyde dehydrogenases.