Figure 12

Figure 12

Computational hemodynamic optimization predicts embryonic chick aortic arch selection. (A) Three-dimensional polymeric cast of a stage 18 aortic sac and arches with color representing wall shear stress magnitudes (1.) and parameterized stage 18 right lateral aortic arch geometry (2.). (B) Representative fluorescent dye injections and angle measurements in stage 21 (1.) and stage 24 (2.) chick embryos. Scale bar = 1 mm. (C) Power + diffusion optimization predicts the selection of the aortic arch IV though arches II and III remain patent for an outflow tract angle of 102 ° and an energy/diffusion ratio of 1.85. This was adapted with permission [162].