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Fig. 3
0-mpf lithium treatment exacerbates the ventralized phenotype of tokkeabi mutant embryos.
(A) Phenotypic analysis of lithium treated tkk embryos. We adopted the Dorsoventral Index previously described [33], but some of the categories were combined in order to simplify the statistics, as stated below: (Aa) V4: a representative radially ventralized embryo; (Ab) V2-V3: a moderately ventralized embryo with distinguishable D–V axis but no eyes; (Ac) C1-Normal-V1: embryos with eyes (regardless of the size) and relatively normal D–V axis; (Ad) C2–C4: A partially dorsalized embryo with shortened anterioposterior length; (Ae) C5: A radially dorsalized embryo. (B–D) the expression of gsc in wild-type (B), tkk mutant (C), and 0-mpf lithium treated tkk mutant embryos (D). (E) The central angle of gsc expression showing a significant decrease in 0-mpf lithium treated embryos with respect to wild-type untreated, 0-mpf lithium treated wild-type and tkk untreated embryos. (F) The measurement of the central angle of gsc expression. The error bars in (E) designate the standard deviation of each data set. ** means that the p value is lower than 0.001 according to the Student′s t test. Embryo numbers were designated for each column in (A) and (E).