Fig. 1

Loss of ATX-LPA1 signaling resulted in dyschondroplasia in zebrafish.

(a,b) Loss of ATX- LPA₁ signaling leads to deformation of the cephalic region in zebrafish embryos. Cephalic regions of wt and lpa₁ mutant zebrafish embryos (a) and cephalic regions of zebrafish embryos treated with LPA₁ antagonist, LPA₁ or ATX morpholinos (b) at 96 hpf (side view). Cartilage tissues visualized by alcian blue and alizarin red staining are also shown (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm. (c) Both lpa1 and atx are co-expressed with sox9, a marker of chondrocytes, in zebrafish embryo both at 72 and 96 hpf as judged by in situ hybridization. Scale bar: 50 µm. (d,e) Loss of ATX-LPA₁ signaling in zebrafish embryos leads to mislocalization of chondrocytes in cartilage tissues. (d) EGFP is expressed specifically in chondrocytes in col2:egfp transgenic zebrafish at 120 hpf. Scale bar: 100 µm. (e) In zebrafish embryos treated with LPA₁ or ATX morpholinos, chondrocytes are unevenly distributed in Meckel’s and ceratohyal cartilages at 120 hpf. Scale bar: 100 µm.