FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Investigation on the physical properties and biocompatibility of zirconia-alumina-silicate@diopside composite materials and its in vivo toxicity study in embryonic zebrafish

Authors
Rittidach, T., Sillapaprayoon, S., Chantho, V., Pimtong, W., Charoenphandhu, N., Thongbunchoo, J., Krishnamra, N., Bootchanont, A., Porjai, P., Pon-On, W.
Source
Full text @ RSC Adv.
Fig. 1

The FT-IR spectra of ZASCMS composite scaffolds. ZAS (a), CMS (b), ZASCMS25 (c), ZASCMS50 (d) and ZASCMS75 (e) composite scaffolds.

Fig. 2

XRD patterns of synthesized ZASCMS composite scaffolds. ZAS (a), CMS (b), ZASCMS25 (c), ZASCMS50 (d) and ZASCMS75 (e) composite. Δ = ZrO2 phase, ♦ = mullite phase, ● = calcium–magnesium silicate (diopside) phase

Fig. 3

SEM images of ZASCMS composite scaffolds. ZAS (a), CMS (b), ZASCMS25 (c), ZASCMS50 (d) and ZASCMS75 (e) composite and EDS analysis of ZASCMS50 composite scaffolds (f).

Fig. 4

Stress–strain curves of ZAS and CMS contents

Fig. 5

Compressive strength (a) and compressive modulus (b) of ZAS, CMS and ZASCMS of different ratios. NS is not significant (p < 0.05)

Fig. 6

Representative SEM images of osteoblasts on glass (a) and on ZAS (b), ZASCMS25 (c), ZASCMS50 (d), ZASCMS75 (e) and CMS (f) composite pellet after 3 days of culture.

Fig. 7

Antibacterial assay using agar disc-diffusion method against S. epidermidis and E. coli on ZAS, CMS and ZASCMS composite disc (cylindrical samples with 6 mm diameter and thickness of 2 mm were incubated for 24 h (contact time)).

Fig. 8

Survival rates after 96 h exposure of zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrations of the particles: ZAS, CMS, and ZASCMS50, respectively. The data are from three independent experiments (n = 3) and presented as mean ± SD.

Fig. 9

Hatching rates of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf after exposure to different concentrations of the particles ZAS, CMS, and ZASCMS50. The data are from three independent experiments (n = 3) and presented as mean ± SD.

Fig. 10

Heart rates of zebrafish embryos at 24 and 48 hpf after exposure to different concentrations of the particles ZAS, CMS, and ZASCMS50. The data are from three independent experiments (n = 3) and presented as mean ± SD. Asterisk represents a statistically significant difference of **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus control.

Fig. 11

Representative images of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf after exposure to the particles ZAS, CMS, and ZASCMS50. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ RSC Adv.
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