FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

Polystyrene Nanoplastic Exposure Induces Developmental Toxicity by Activating the Oxidative Stress Response and Base Excision Repair Pathway in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Authors
Feng, M., Luo, J., Wan, Y., Zhang, J., Lu, C., Wang, M., Dai, L., Cao, X., Yang, X., Wang, Y.
Source
Full text @ ACS Omega
Fig. 1

Characterization of polystyrene nanoplastics. (A) Morphological characteristics of nanoplastics. (B) Size distribution of nanoplastics.

Fig. 2

Effects of nanoplastic exposure on the survival and hatching rate of zebrafish embryos. (A) Graphical estimation of the LC50 of 96 h nanoplastic exposure in zebrafish embryos. (B) Survival rates of nanoplastic-treated zebrafish embryos at different concentrations (n = 100 for each group). (C) Hatching rates of different groups of nanoplastic-treated zebrafish embryos at different time points (n = 100 for each group). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001 compared with the control.
Fig. 3

Nanoplastic exposure inhibits the heart rate and decreases body length in zebrafish embryos. (A) Heart rates of 24 hpf zebrafish embryos treated with nanoplastics for 72 h (n = 20 for each group). (B) Quantification of the body length of zebrafish embryos with or without nanoplastic treatment at different concentrations after 48 or 72 h of exposure. (C) Representative images of zebrafish embryos with or without nanoplastic treatment at different concentrations after 48 or 72 h of exposure. Scale bar, 0.5 mm. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001 compared with the control. bpm, beats per min.
Fig. 4

Nanoplastic exposure impairs the behavioral ability of zebrafish larvae. (A) Average distance traveled by larvae treated with nanoplastics in 1 min under 5 min light and dark (black bars on the x-axis) conditions for 30 min. (n = 24 for each group) (B) Total distances of zebrafish swimming. (C) Trajectory graph of zebrafish larvae with or without nanoplastic treatment at different concentrations after 96 h exposure. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 and ****P < 0.0001 compared with the control.
Fig. 5

Nanoplastic exposure induces the oxidative stress response and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. (A-C) Determinations of ROS accumulation (A) and SOD (B) and CAT (C) activities in 24 hpf zebrafish embryos after 24 h nanoplastic treatment (n = 30 for each group). (D) PCA plot of biomarkers (ROS, SOD, and CAT) in nanoplastic-treated and control groups of zebrafish embryos. (E,F) mRNA levels of bcl2 (D) and bax (E) in 24 h nanoplastic-treated zebrafish embryos (n = 30 for each group). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 compared with the control.
Fig. 6

Regulation of mRNA levels of BER pathway-related genes in nanoplastic-treated zebrafish embryos. (A) Schematic illustration of the BER pathway in eukaryotes. (B) mRNA levels of key genes in the BER pathway in zebrafish embryos after 24 h of nanoplastic exposure at different concentrations (n = 30 for each group). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 compared with the control.
Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ ACS Omega
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