- Title
-
Lead Exposure Causes Spinal Curvature during Embryonic Development in Zebrafish
- Authors
- Li, X., Chen, C., He, M., Yu, L., Liu, R., Ma, C., Zhang, Y., Jia, J., Li, B., Li, L.
- Source
- Full text @ Int. J. Mol. Sci.
The effects of different concentrations of Pb2+ on zebrafish embryos. (A) 24 hpf exercise frequency; (B) 48 hpf heart rate; (C) 57 hpf hatching rate; (D) 120 hpf survival rate; (E) 120 hpf Malformation rate (1, spinal curvature; 2, absence of swim bladder; 3, pericardial cavity edema; 4, pigment deficiency; 5, cerebral hemorrhage; 6, normal juvenile zebrafish). (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n = 15, repeat three times). |
Spinal malformation in zebrafish embryos at different periods of 0.4 mg/L Pb2+ exposure. (A) Bend upwards at 72 hpf; (B) S-shaped curved at 96 hpf; (C) Bend downward at 120 hpf; (D) Malformation rate at 120 hpf. (*** p < 0.001, n = 50, Repeat three times). |
Skeletal and somites development. (A) Calcein staining; (B) Area of ossification in juvenile zebrafish; (C) Body segment statistics. The expression of the somites development-related genes is shown for (D) lect1, (E) her12, (F) rankal (G) runx2b, (H) bmp2b. The expression of Hedgehog signaling pathway gene of zebrafish embryos is shown for (I) ihh and (J) shh, with ef1α as reference. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n = 50). |
mRNA expression of ER stress and apoptosis-related genes in zebrafish. mRNA expression of ER stress-related genes in zebrafish embryos at 48 hpf using ef1α as reference: (A) perk, (B) chop. (C) AO staining; mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes in zebrafish embryos at 48 and 72 hpf; (D) bax; (E) bcl-2; (F) bcl-2/bax ratio; (G) mcl1b; (H) bid. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n = 50.) |