- Title
-
Moderate early life stress improves adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) working memory but does not affect social and anxiety-like responses
- Authors
- Fontana, B.D., Gibbon, A.J., Cleal, M., Sudwarts, A., Pritchett, D., Miletto Petrazzini, M.E., Brennan, C.H., Parker, M.O.
- Source
- Full text @ Dev Psychobiol
Schematic representation of the (A) stressors and (B) behavioral tasks used to assess ELS in adult zebrafish |
Cortisol levels for non‐stressed (control) and stressed animals. Data were represented as mean ± S.E.M and analyzed by one‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Asterisks indicate statistical differences compared to control group (*P < .05 and **P < .01, n = 3 –4 per group) |
Effects of ELS in stress reactivity and social responses. (A) ELS do not change distance traveled and time spent in bottom in the novel tank diving task (n = 11–12 per group). (B) Shoal cohesion is not affected by 3 days of ELS in adult zebrafish (n = 8 per group). Data were represented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by Student's t‐test |
Y‐maze tetragrams showing the behavioral phenotype of control and ELS groups. Data were represented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by linear mixed effects, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Asterisks indicate statistical differences compared to non‐biased group or between biased groups (*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 and *P < .0001, n = 24 per group) |
ELS increases alternations and decreases repetition in turn‐direction without changing the left or right preference of adult zebrafish. Data were represented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by Student's t‐test. Asterisks indicate statistical differences compared to control group (*P < .05 and **P < .01, n = 24 per group) |