Toxicological studies performed in zebrafish. Schematic representation of zebrafish development, from spawning of embryos through their rapid development and hatching into free-swimming larvae and further growth and development into adults. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be administered via a variety of routes, including injection into eggs or specific sites on juveniles and adults, or alternatively administered in the water, sediment or food. The key assays used to examine toxicity in this model are indicated.

Carbon nanodot-based drug delivery and tracking. Schematic representation showing conjugation of carbon nanodots with drug molecules, and subsequent excitation to generate agents that act simultaneously as fluorescence tracers and drug delivery vehicles.