Oxygen consumption per individual for wildtype (control), morphants (LepMO), and rescue (morpholino + recombinant zebrafish leptin) embryos. All time points are significantly different (p < 0.05) between morphants and control and morphants and rescue, with the exception of 60 hpf (N = measurements/age, 10 individuals/measurement). (B) Cumulative acid production measured per embryo/hour by change in absorbance @570 nm (N = individual fish). All data are mean ± SE. Control, wildtype embryo; LepMO, leptin morpholino injected zebrafish embryo; Rescue, Co-injected LepMO morpholino with recombinant zebrafish leptin; 5-mismo, control morpholino with mismatch basepairing at 5 sites; LepRMO, leptin receptor morpholino. All fish are aged matched. No significant differences among treatments at 24 hpf; Control and 5-mismo are significantly higher than other treatments at 48-50 hpf, and LepMO and LepRMO are significantly lower than other treatments at 72-76 hpf. p < 0.05.

Average stroke volume for wildtype (control), leptin morphants (morphant), and rescue (leptin morphant + recombinant zebrafish leptin) at two developmental timepoints. (B) Embryonic heart rate for wildtype (control), leptin morphants (morphant), and rescue (morphant + recombinant zebrafish leptin) at two developmental timepoints. (C) Average cardiac output for wildtype (control), leptin morphants (morphant), and rescue (leptin morphant + recombinant zebrafish leptin) embryos. All data are mean ± SE. (N = 5 for A, B, N = 7 for C). Bars that do not share letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).