PUBLICATION
Adverse thyroid hormone and behavioral alterations induced by three frequently used synthetic musk compounds in embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- Authors
- Chae, H., Kwon, B.R., Lee, S., Moon, H.B., Choi, K.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-230304-37
- Date
- 2023
- Source
- Chemosphere 324: 138273 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Choi, Kyungho
- Keywords
- Behavior, Freshwater, Synthetic musk, Thyroid hormones, Zebrafish
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Ecosystem
- Larva
- Thyroid Hormones
- Water Pollutants, Chemical*/analysis
- Water Pollutants, Chemical*/toxicity
- Zebrafish*
- PubMed
- 36868414 Full text @ Chemosphere
Citation
Chae, H., Kwon, B.R., Lee, S., Moon, H.B., Choi, K. (2023) Adverse thyroid hormone and behavioral alterations induced by three frequently used synthetic musk compounds in embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere. 324:138273.
Abstract
Synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) have been extensively used in numerous consumer products, such as perfumes, cosmetics, soap, and fabric softener. Due to their bioaccumulative nature, these compounds have often been detected in the aquatic ecosystem. However, their effects on endocrine and behavioral effects in freshwater fish have rarely been investigated. In the present study, thyroid disruption and neurobehavioral toxicity of SMCs were investigated using embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three frequently used SMCs, i.e., musk ketone (MK), 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta [g]- benzopyran (HHCB), and 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin (AHTN), were chosen. Experimental concentrations for HHCB and AHTN were selected to include the maximum levels reported in the ambient water. The 5-day exposure to either MK or HHCB led to significant decrease of T4 concentrations in the larval fish at the levels as low as 0.13 μg/L, even though compensatory transcriptional changes, e.g., up-regulation of hypothalamic crhβ gene and/or down-regulation of ugt1ab gene, were taken place. In contrast, AHTN exposure resulted in up-regulation of crhβ, nis, ugt1ab, and dio2 genes but did not alter T4 level, suggesting its lesser thyroid disrupting potential. All tested SMCs caused hypoactivity of the larval fish. Several genes related to neurogenesis or development, e.g., mbp and syn2a, were down-regulated, but the patterns of transcriptional changes were different among the tested SMCs. The present observations demonstrate that MK and HHCB can decrease T4 levels and cause hypoactivity of the larval zebrafish. It requires attention that HHCB and AHTN could influence thyroid hormone or behavior of the larval fish even at the levels close to those observed in the ambient environment. Further studies on potential ecological consequences of these SMCs in freshwater environment are warranted.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping