PUBLICATION
Morpholinos Do Not Elicit an Innate Immune Response during Early Xenopus Embryogenesis
- Authors
- Paraiso, K.D., Blitz, I.L., Zhou, J.J., Cho, K.W.Y.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-190522-9
- Date
- 2019
- Source
- Developmental Cell 49: 643-650.e3 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Blitz, Ira
- Keywords
- Xenopus, brachyury, gene knockdown, innate immune response, loss of function, reverse genetics, tbxt, translation blocking morpholino, zebrafish
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Embryonic Development/drug effects
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Immunity, Innate/immunology*
- Immunity, Innate/physiology
- Morpholinos/immunology*
- Morpholinos/metabolism*
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- RNA Splicing
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Xenopus/embryology
- Xenopus/genetics
- Xenopus Proteins/genetics
- Xenopus Proteins/metabolism
- Xenopus laevis/embryology
- Xenopus laevis/genetics
- PubMed
- 31112700 Full text @ Dev. Cell
Citation
Paraiso, K.D., Blitz, I.L., Zhou, J.J., Cho, K.W.Y. (2019) Morpholinos Do Not Elicit an Innate Immune Response during Early Xenopus Embryogenesis. Developmental Cell. 49:643-650.e3.
Abstract
It has recently been reported that a common side effect of translation-blocking morpholino antisense oligonucleotides is the induction of a set of innate immune response genes in Xenopus embryos and that splicing-blocking morpholinos lead to unexpected off-target mis-splicing events. Here, we present an analysis of all publicly available Xenopus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data in a reexamination of the effects of translation-blocking morpholinos on the innate immune response. Our analysis does not support the authors' general conclusion, which was based on a limited number of RNA-seq datasets. Moreover, the strong induction of an immune response appears to be specific to the tbxt/tbxt2 morpholinos. The more comprehensive study presented here indicates that using morpholinos for targeted gene knockdowns remains of considerable value for the rapid identification of gene function.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping