PUBLICATION

Sox2 regulates Müller glia reprogramming and proliferation in the regenerating zebrafish retina via Lin28 and Ascl1a

Authors
Gorsuch, R.A., Lahne, M., Yarka, C.E., Petravick, M.E., Li, J., Hyde, D.R.
ID
ZDB-PUB-170605-4
Date
2017
Source
Experimental Eye Research   161: 174-192 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Gorsuch, Ryne, Hyde, David R.
Keywords
Müller glia, Neuronal progenitor cell, Regeneration, Sox2, β-catenin
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Animals, Genetically Modified
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism*
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Proliferation/physiology*
  • Ependymoglial Cells/metabolism*
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
  • Gene Knockdown Techniques
  • Immunoblotting
  • In Situ Nick-End Labeling
  • Light
  • Nerve Regeneration/physiology*
  • Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
  • Neurogenesis/physiology
  • RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism*
  • Radiation Injuries, Experimental/metabolism
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Retina/physiology*
  • Retina/radiation effects
  • SOX Transcription Factors/physiology*
  • Zebrafish
  • Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism*
  • Zebrafish Proteins/physiology*
PubMed
28577895 Full text @ Exp. Eye. Res.
Abstract
Sox2 is a well-established neuronal stem cell-associated transcription factor that regulates neural development and adult neurogenesis in vertebrates, and is one of the critical genes used to reprogram differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. We examined if Sox2 was involved in the early reprogramming-like events that Müller glia undergo as they upregulate many pluripotency- and neural stem cell-associated genes required for proliferation in light-damaged adult zebrafish retinas. In the undamaged adult zebrafish retina, Sox2 is expressed in Müller glia and a subset of amacrine cells, similar to other vertebrates. Following 31 h of light damage, Sox2 expression significantly increased in proliferating Müller glia. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of Sox2 expression resulted in decreased numbers of proliferating Müller glia, while induced overexpression of Sox2 stimulated Müller glia proliferation in the absence of retinal damage. Thus, Sox2 is necessary and sufficient for Müller glia proliferation. We investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is a known regulator of sox2 expression during vertebrate retinal development. While β-catenin 2, but not β-catenin 1, was necessary for Müller glia proliferation, neither β-catenin paralog was required for sox2 expression following retinal damage. Sox2 expression was also necessary for ascl1a (neurogenic) and lin28a (reprogramming) expression, but not stat3 expression following retinal damage. Furthermore, Sox2 was required for Müller glial-derived neuronal progenitor cell amplification and expression of the pro-neural marker Tg(atoh7:EGFP). Finally, loss of Sox2 expression prevented complete regeneration of cone photoreceptors. This study is the first to identify a functional role for Sox2 during Müller glial-based regeneration of the vertebrate retina.
Genes / Markers
Figures
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping