PUBLICATION

EXTL3 mutations cause skeletal dysplasia, immune deficiency, and developmental delay.

Authors
Volpi, S., Yamazaki, Y., Brauer, P.M., van Rooijen, E., Hayashida, A., Slavotinek, A., Sun Kuehn, H., Di Rocco, M., Rivolta, C., Bortolomai, I., Du, L., Felgentreff, K., Ott de Bruin, L., Hayashida, K., Freedman, G., Marcovecchio, G.E., Capuder, K., Rath, P., Luche, N., Hagedorn, E.J., Buoncompagni, A., Royer-Bertrand, B., Giliani, S., Poliani, P.L., Imberti, L., Dobbs, K., Poulain, F.E., Martini, A., Manis, J., Linhardt, R.J., Bosticardo, M., Rosenzweig, S.D., Lee, H., Puck, J.M., Zúñiga-Pflücker, J.C., Zon, L., Park, P.W., Superti-Furga, A., Notarangelo, L.D.
ID
ZDB-PUB-170204-9
Date
2017
Source
The Journal of experimental medicine   214(3): 623-637 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Poulain, Fabienne, Slavotinek, Anne, van Rooijen, Ellen, Zon, Leonard I.
Keywords
none
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Bone Diseases, Developmental/etiology*
  • Child, Preschool
  • Developmental Disabilities/etiology*
  • Female
  • Heparitin Sulfate/physiology
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/etiology*
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
  • Infant
  • Lymphocytes/physiology
  • Mutation*
  • N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics*
  • Zebrafish
PubMed
28148688 Full text @ J. Exp. Med.
Abstract
We studied three patients with severe skeletal dysplasia, T cell immunodeficiency, and developmental delay. Whole-exome sequencing revealed homozygous missense mutations affecting exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3), a glycosyltransferase involved in heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed abnormal HS composition and altered fibroblast growth factor 2 signaling, which was rescued by overexpression of wild-type EXTL3 cDNA. Interleukin-2-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation in patients' lymphocytes was markedly reduced. Interbreeding of the extl3-mutant zebrafish (box) with Tg(rag2:green fluorescent protein) transgenic zebrafish revealed defective thymopoiesis, which was rescued by injection of wild-type human EXTL3 RNA. Targeted differentiation of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells showed a reduced expansion of lymphohematopoietic progenitor cells and defects of thymic epithelial progenitor cell differentiation. These data identify EXTL3 mutations as a novel cause of severe immune deficiency with skeletal dysplasia and developmental delay and underline a crucial role of HS in thymopoiesis and skeletal and brain development.
Genes / Markers
Figures
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Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping