PUBLICATION
Aerobic Bioremediation of PAH Contaminated Soil Results in Increased Genotoxicity and Developmental Toxicity
- Authors
- Chibwe, L., Geier, M.C., Nakamura, J., Tanguay, R.L., Aitken, M.D., Simonich, S.L.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-150723-2
- Date
- 2015
- Source
- Environmental science & technology 49(23): 13889-98 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Tanguay, Robyn L.
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Aerobiosis
- Animals
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- Biological Assay
- Chickens
- Ecotoxicology/methods
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods*
- Mutagenicity Tests/methods
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/metabolism
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity*
- Soil/chemistry*
- Soil Pollutants/analysis
- Soil Pollutants/metabolism
- Soil Pollutants/toxicity*
- Toxicity Tests/methods*
- Zebrafish/embryology
- PubMed
- 26200254 Full text @ Env. Sci. Tech.
Citation
Chibwe, L., Geier, M.C., Nakamura, J., Tanguay, R.L., Aitken, M.D., Simonich, S.L. (2015) Aerobic Bioremediation of PAH Contaminated Soil Results in Increased Genotoxicity and Developmental Toxicity. Environmental science & technology. 49(23):13889-98.
Abstract
The formation of more polar and toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) transformation products is one of the concerns associated with the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils. Soil contaminated with coal tar (prebioremediation) from a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site was treated in a laboratory scale bioreactor (postbioremediation) and extracted using pressurized liquid extraction. The soil extracts were fractionated, based on polarity, and analyzed for 88 PAHs (unsubstituted, oxygenated, nitrated, and heterocyclic PAHs). The PAH concentrations in the soil tested, postbioremediation, were lower than their regulatory maximum allowable concentrations (MACs), with the exception of the higher molecular weight PAHs (BaA, BkF, BbF, BaP, and IcdP), most of which did not undergo significant biodegradation. The soil extract fractions were tested for genotoxicity using the DT40 chicken lymphocyte bioassay and developmental toxicity using the embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) bioassay. A statistically significant increase in genotoxicity was measured in the unfractionated soil extract, as well as in four polar soil extract fractions, postbioremediation (p < 0.05). In addition, a statistically significant increase in developmental toxicity was measured in one polar soil extract fraction, postbioremediation (p < 0.05). A series of morphological abnormalities, including peculiar caudal fin malformations and hyperpigmentation in the tail, were measured in several soil extract fractions in embryonic zebrafish, both pre- and postbioremediation. The increased toxicity measured postbioremediation is not likely due to the 88 PAHs measured in this study (including quinones), because most were not present in the toxic polar fractions and/or because their concentrations did not increase postbioremediation. However, the increased toxicity measured postbioremediation is likely due to hydroxylated and carboxylated transformation products of the 3- and 4-ring PAHs (PHE, 1MPHE, 2MPHE, PRY, BaA, and FLA) that were most degraded.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping