PUBLICATION

Development and Bioorthogonal Activation of Palladium-Labile Prodrugs of Gemcitabine

Authors
Weiss, J.T., Dawson, J.C., Fraser, C., Rybski, W., Torres-Sanchez, C., Bradley, M., Patton, E.E., Carragher, N.O., Unciti-Broceta, A.
ID
ZDB-PUB-140529-4
Date
2014
Source
Journal of medicinal chemistry   57(12): 5395-404 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Patton, E. Elizabeth
Keywords
none
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/chemistry*
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/metabolism
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
  • Carbamates/chemistry
  • Carbamates/metabolism
  • Carbamates/pharmacology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Survival/drug effects
  • DNA Damage
  • Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives*
  • Deoxycytidine/chemistry
  • Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
  • Drug Carriers
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
  • Humans
  • Nanoparticles
  • Palladium/chemistry*
  • Polystyrenes
  • Prodrugs/chemistry*
  • Prodrugs/metabolism
  • Prodrugs/pharmacology
  • Rhodamines/chemistry
  • Rhodamines/metabolism
  • Rhodamines/pharmacology
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Zebrafish
PubMed
24867590 Full text @ J. Med. Chem.
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has become one of the main driving forces in current chemical biology, inspiring the search for novel biocompatible chemospecific reactions for the last decade. Alongside the well-established labelling strategies that originated the bioorthogonal paradigm, we have recently proposed the use of heterogeneous palladium chemistry and bioorthogonal Pd0-labile prodrugs to develop spatially-targeted therapies. Herein we report the generation of biologically-inert precursors of cytotoxic gemcitabine by introducing Pd0-cleavable groups in positions that are mechanistically-relevant for gemcitabine's pharmacological activity. Cell viability studies in pancreatic cancer cells showed that carbamate functionalization of the 4-amino group of gemcitabine significantly reduced (>23 fold) prodrugs' cytotoxicity. The N-propargyloxycarbonyl (N-Poc) promoiety displayed the highest sensitivity to heterogeneous palladium catalysis under biocompatible conditions, with a reaction half-life of less than 6 h. Zebrafish studies with allyl, propargyl and benzyl carbamate-protected rhodamines confirmed N-Poc as the most suitable masking group for implementing in vivo bioorthogonal organometallic chemistry.
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