Novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method shows that vitamin E deficiency depletes arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
- Authors
- Lebold, K.M., Kirkwood, J.S., Taylor, A.W., Choi, J., Barton, C.L., Miller, G.W., Du, J.L., Jump, D.B., Stevens, J.F., Tanguay, R.L., and Traber, M.G.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-140317-33
- Date
- 2013
- Source
- Redox Biology 2: 105-113 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Barton, Carrie, Miller, Galen, Tanguay, Robyn L.
- Keywords
- Vitamin E, Embryogenesis, Neurogenesis, Arachidonic acid, Hybrid quadrupole-time of flight MS
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acid/analysis*
- Arachidonic Acid/isolation & purification
- Arachidonic Acid/metabolism
- Cholesterol/analysis
- Cholesterol/isolation & purification
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid*
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/analysis*
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/isolation & purification
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Mass Spectrometry*
- Solid Phase Extraction
- Vitamin E/pharmacology
- Vitamin E Deficiency/metabolism
- Vitamin E Deficiency/pathology
- Zebrafish/growth & development
- Zebrafish/metabolism*
- alpha-Tocopherol/analysis
- PubMed
- 24416717 Full text @ Redox Biol.
To test the hypothesis that embryogenesis depends upon α-tocopherol (E) to protect embryo polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from lipid peroxidation, new methodologies were applied to measure α-tocopherol and fatty acids in extracts from saponified zebrafish embryos. A solid phase extraction method was developed to separate the analyte classes, using a mixed mode cartridge (reverse phase, π–π bonding, strong anion exchange), then α-tocopherol and cholesterol were measured using standard techniques, while the fatty acids were quantitated using a novel, reverse phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) approach. We also determined if α-tocopherol status alters embryonic lipid peroxidation products by analyzing 24 different oxidized products of arachidonic or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in embryos using LC with hybrid quadrupole-time of flight MS. Adult zebrafish were fed E or E+ diets for 4 months, and then were spawned to obtain E and E+ embryos. Between 24 and 72 hours post-fertilization (hpf), arachidonic acid decreased 3-times faster in E (21 pg/h) compared with E+ embryos (7 pg/h, P<0.0001), while both α-tocopherol and DHA concentrations decreased only in E embryos. At 36 hpf, E embryos contained double the 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids and 7-hydroxy-DHA concentrations, while other hydroxy-lipids remained unchanged. Vitamin E deficiency during embryogenesis depleted DHA and arachidonic acid, and increased hydroxy-fatty acids derived from these PUFA, suggesting that α-tocopherol is necessary to protect these critical fatty acids.