PUBLICATION

Identification and functional analysis of endothelial tip cell-enriched genes

Authors
Del Toro, R., Prahst, C., Mathivet, T., Siegfried, G., Kaminker, J.S., Larrivee, B., Breant, C., Duarte, A., Takakura, N., Fukamizu, A., Penninger, J., and Eichmann, A.
ID
ZDB-PUB-100820-10
Date
2010
Source
Blood   116(19): 4025-4033 (Journal)
Registered Authors
Keywords
none
MeSH Terms
  • Mice
  • Signal Transduction
  • Retinal Vessels/cytology
  • Retinal Vessels/growth & development
  • Retinal Vessels/metabolism
  • Capillaries/cytology
  • Capillaries/growth & development
  • Capillaries/metabolism
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology
  • Adipokines
  • Animals
  • Endothelial Cells/cytology
  • Endothelial Cells/drug effects
  • Endothelial Cells/metabolism*
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
  • Zebrafish
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
  • Multigene Family
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Haploinsufficiency
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
  • Membrane Proteins/deficiency
  • Membrane Proteins/genetics
  • Membrane Proteins/metabolism
  • Carrier Proteins/genetics
  • Carrier Proteins/metabolism
  • Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics*
(all 36)
PubMed
20705756 Full text @ Blood
Abstract
Sprouting of developing blood vessels is mediated by specialized motile endothelial cells localized at the tips of growing capillaries. Following behind the tip cells, endothelial stalk cells form the capillary lumen and proliferate. Expression of the Notch ligand Delta-like4 (Dll4) in tip cells suppresses tip cell fate in neighboring stalk cells via Notch signaling. In dll4(+/-) mouse mutants, most retinal endothelial cells display morphological features of tip cells. We hypothesized that these mouse mutants could be used to isolate tip cells and to so determine their genetic repertoire. Using transcriptome analysis of retinal endothelial cells isolated from dll4(+/-) and wild type mice, we identified three clusters of tip cell-enriched genes, encoding extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, basement membrane components and secreted molecules. Secreted molecules ESM-1, angiopoietin 2 and apelin bind to cognate receptors on endothelial stalk cells. Knockout mice and zebrafish morpholino knockdown of apelin showed delayed angiogenesis and reduced proliferation of stalk cells expressing the apelin receptor APJ. Thus, tip cells may regulate angiogenesis via matrix remodeling, production of basement membrane and release of secreted molecules, some of which regulate stalk cell behavior.
Genes / Markers
Figures
No images available
Expression
Phenotype
No data available
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Antibodies
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping
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Citation
Del Toro, R., Prahst, C., Mathivet, T., Siegfried, G., Kaminker, J.S., Larrivee, B., Breant, C., Duarte, A., Takakura, N., Fukamizu, A., Penninger, J., and Eichmann, A. (2010) Identification and functional analysis of endothelial tip cell-enriched genes. Blood. 116(19):4025-4033.