PUBLICATION
Uptake and Biotransformation of Structurally-Diverse Brominated Flame Retardants in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) After Dietary Exposure
- Authors
- Nyholm, J.R., Norman, A., Norrgren, L., Haglund, P.L., and Andersson, P.L.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-081217-1
- Date
- 2009
- Source
- Environmental toxicology and chemistry 28(5): 1035-1042 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Norrgren, Leif
- Keywords
- none
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Biotransformation
- Diet
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flame Retardants/administration & dosage
- Flame Retardants/metabolism*
- Flame Retardants/pharmacokinetics
- Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/administration & dosage
- Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/metabolism*
- Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/pharmacokinetics
- Molecular Structure
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/administration & dosage
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism*
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/pharmacokinetics
- Zebrafish
- PubMed
- 19049262 Full text @ Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
Citation
Nyholm, J.R., Norman, A., Norrgren, L., Haglund, P.L., and Andersson, P.L. (2009) Uptake and Biotransformation of Structurally-Diverse Brominated Flame Retardants in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) After Dietary Exposure. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 28(5):1035-1042.
Abstract
Zebrafish were fed a diet containing a mixture of 11 structurally diverse brominated flame retardants (BFRs) at nominal concentrations of either 1 or 100 nmol/g (or controls) for 42 d, followed by an elimination period of 14 d. Uptake rates and elimination constants for five of the BFRs were calculated from measurements of their concentrations in the male fish during the exposure and elimination phases. Observed uptake efficiencies were highest for 2,4,4'-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE 28) and 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH), and lowest for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209). Estimated half-lives for TBECH and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (246BrPh) were short (less than two days). Four BFR metabolites were identified in the fish: 2,2',3,4',5',6-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 149), 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 154), 2,4,6-tribromoanisole and 1,2,4,5-hexabromobenzene. These metabolites were still present in the zebrafish after the 14-d elimination period. No relationship between the BFR concentrations in the zebrafish and their log KOW (octanol-water partition coefficient) values was found. Generally, low tendencies to bioaccumulate were observed for perbrominated and hydroxylated compounds. However, the observed accumulation in fish of BFR metabolites shows that low concentration of a BFR does not provide, in isolation, a sound indication that it poses low risks.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping