PUBLICATION
Evolutionarily conserved and divergent regions of the Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) gene: a comparative analysis
- Authors
- Saltis, M., Criscitiello, M.F., Ohta, Y., Keefe, M., Trede, N.S., Goitsuka, R., and Flajnik, M.F.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-080218-24
- Date
- 2008
- Source
- Immunogenetics 60(2): 105-114 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Keefe, Matthew, Trede, Nick
- Keywords
- Comparative immunology, Autoimmunity, Transcription factors, Autoimmune regulator
- MeSH Terms
-
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Chickens
- Conserved Sequence*
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Evolution, Molecular*
- Genetic Variation*
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology*
- Transcription Factors/physiology*
- Xenopus laevis
- Zebrafish
- PubMed
- 18214467 Full text @ Immunogenetics
Citation
Saltis, M., Criscitiello, M.F., Ohta, Y., Keefe, M., Trede, N.S., Goitsuka, R., and Flajnik, M.F. (2008) Evolutionarily conserved and divergent regions of the Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) gene: a comparative analysis. Immunogenetics. 60(2):105-114.
Abstract
During T cell differentiation, medullary thymic epithelial cells (MTEC) expose developing T cells to tissue-specific antigens. MTEC expression of such self-antigens requires the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (Aire). In mammals, defects in aire result in multi-tissue, T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Because the T cell receptor repertoire is randomly generated and extremely diverse in all jawed vertebrates, it is likely that an aire-dependent T cell tolerance mechanism also exists in nonmammalian vertebrates. We have isolated aire genes from animals in all gnathostome classes except the cartilaginous fish by a combination of molecular techniques and scanning of expressed sequence tags and genomic databases. The deduced amino acid sequences of Aire were compared among mouse, human, opossum, chicken, Xenopus, zebrafish, and pufferfish. The first of two plant homeodomains (PHD) in human Aire and regions associated with nuclear and cytoplasmic localization are evolutionarily conserved, while other domains are either absent or divergent in one or more vertebrate classes. Furthermore, the second zinc-binding domain previously named Aire PHD2 appears to have greater sequence similarity with Ring finger domains than to PHD domains. Point mutations in defective human aire genes are generally found in the most evolutionarily conserved regions of the protein. These findings reveal a very rapid evolution of certain regions of aire during vertebrate evolution and support the existence of an aire-dependent mechanism of T cell tolerance dating back at least to the emergence of bony fish.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping