PUBLICATION
Zebrafish msxB, msxC and msxE function together to refine the neural-nonneural border and regulate cranial placodes and neural crest development
- Authors
- Phillips, B.T., Kwon, H.J., Melton, C., Houghtaling, P., Fritz, A., and Riley, B.B.
- ID
- ZDB-PUB-060501-3
- Date
- 2006
- Source
- Developmental Biology 294(2): 376-390 (Journal)
- Registered Authors
- Kwon, Hye-Joo, Riley, Bruce
- Keywords
- msx, dlx, eya, six, foxd3, snail2, sox10, Placode, Neural crest
- MeSH Terms
-
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/anatomy & histology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology
- Embryonic Structures/anatomy & histology
- Embryonic Structures/physiology*
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism*
- In Situ Hybridization
- Neural Crest/cytology
- Neural Crest/embryology*
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/physiology*
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism*
- Zebrafish/embryology*
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism*
- PubMed
- 16631154 Full text @ Dev. Biol.
Citation
Phillips, B.T., Kwon, H.J., Melton, C., Houghtaling, P., Fritz, A., and Riley, B.B. (2006) Zebrafish msxB, msxC and msxE function together to refine the neural-nonneural border and regulate cranial placodes and neural crest development. Developmental Biology. 294(2):376-390.
Abstract
The zebrafish muscle segment homeobox genes msxB, msxC and msxE are expressed in partially overlapping domains in the neural crest and preplacodal ectoderm. We examined the roles of these msx genes in early development. Disrupting individual msx genes causes modest variable defects, whereas disrupting all three produces a reproducible severe phenotype, suggesting functional redundancy. Neural crest differentiation is blocked at an early stage. Preplacodal development begins normally, but placodes arising from the msx expression domain later show elevated apoptosis and are reduced in size. Cell proliferation is normal in these tissues. Unexpectedly, Msx-deficient embryos become ventralized by late gastrulation whereas misexpression of msxB dorsalizes the embryo. These effects appear to involve Distal-less (Dlx) protein activity, as loss of dlx3b and dlx4b suppresses ventralization in Msx-depleted embryos. At the same time, Msx-depletion restores normal preplacodal gene expression to dlx3b-dlx4b mutants. These data suggest that mutual antagonism between Msx and Dlx proteins achieves a balance of function required for normal preplacodal differentiation and placement of the neural-nonneural border.
Genes / Markers
Expression
Phenotype
Mutations / Transgenics
Human Disease / Model
Sequence Targeting Reagents
Fish
Orthology
Engineered Foreign Genes
Mapping