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Fig. 6 Craniofacial development in grhl3−/−(Δ1-4) embryos at 4 dpf. (A–H) Class 1, class 2, and class 3 grhl3−/−(Δ1-4) embryos and non-phenotypic siblings (4 dpf) stained with Alcian blue, showing lateral (A–D) and ventral (E–H) views of the craniofacial cartilage (palatoquadrate [pq], ceratohyal [ch] Meckel's cartilage [mc], ethmoid plate [ep], hyosymplectic [hs]). (G') The height between Meckel's cartilage and ethmoid plate (indicated by vertical double-headed red arrow) and (H') the distance between Meckel's cartilage and ceratohyal (indicated by horizontal double-headed red arrow) were measured and analyzed in grhl3−/(Δ1-4) embryos and non-phenotypic siblings. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; n = 5. Statistical significance determined by Student's t-test ****p <.001. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-J').