Figure 3

Figure 3

Analyses of quivering using εKO males (A) Photographs showing the quivering behavior of the WT male x WT female pair (upper) and the εKO male x WT female pair (lower). A cropped image of the male provided below each photograph for clarity. (B) Kinematics for representative traces of head turns in the WT male and the εKO male. Schematic illustrations in the upper panel shows measurement of head angles. Lines represent outlines of a fish, and the head angle θ is obtained from broken lines. 0° corresponds to a straight body. In the lower panels, each trace represents a different male (n=5 each). Head angles are shown in degrees, with 0 indicating a straight body, and positive and negative values indicating body bends in opposite directions. Scale bars: 10 ms. (C) Traces shown in (B) were averaged. (D, E) The amplitude of head turns (p = 0.00060) (D) and the total number of released egg (E) (p = 0.00086) compared between the WT male x WT female and the εKO male x WT female pairs.