An overview of C → T conversion by BE4 and cytosine base editors used in this study. (A) A schematic of base editing depicted as conversion of C to T by BE4. The base editor is localized to the target DNA with a sgRNA (blue line and hairpins). Cytidine deaminase APOBEC-1 (red) performs deamination of the C to U and the Cas9n (yellow) nicks the unedited strand. Two copies of UGI (blue) are used to prevent removal of U and subsequent endogenous DNA mismatch repair and replication leads to C → T conversion as depicted. (B) A linear representation listing various components of BE4max or AncBE4max with and without GFP set of plasmids used in this study (based on [40]). bpNLS stands for bipartite nuclear localization signal.
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