Fig. 1

Fig. 1

(A) Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction (dorsal view) of the pallium of a her4.1:dRFP/gfap:nlsGFP double transgenic adult immunostained for GFP, dRFP, Sox2, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Pcna) [labeling the same cells as the proliferation marker minichromosome maintenance 5 (21)]. The lateral and the medial pallial domains (Dl and Dm) are highlighted with dotted lines. Close-ups of the boxed area with different combinations of channels illustrating the four Sox2⁺ progenitor subtypes that make up the pallial germinal zone are shown: quiescent NSCs (qNSCs; blue arrow), activated NSCs (aNSCs; yellow arrow), qNPs (white arrow), and aNPs (pink arrow). (B) Distribution of gfap⁺ and her4.1⁺ NSCs, alone and in combination, among Sox2⁺ cells. (C) Respective distributions of her4.1⁺ and gfap⁺ cells among the gfap⁺ and the her4.1⁺ populations. Paired t test: P = 0.34. (D) Relative proportions of quiescent (Pcna⁻) and proliferating (Pcna⁺) gfap⁺ NSCs, her4.1⁺ NSCs, and NPs (Sox2⁺). The data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model. Overall tests: P < 0.001; pairwise comparisons: ***P < 0.001 after Holm’s adjustment. (E) Distribution of gfap⁺ and her4.1⁺ NSCs together with Sox2⁺ NPs among proliferating (Pcna⁺) progenitors. (F) Summary of markers characterizing Dm pallial progenitors. (B to E) n = 7 brains were analyzed. Error bars, SEM.