Figure 1

Figure 1

(A) Screening result of a compendium of 39 ginsenosides from P. ginseng for enhancers of myoblast proliferation. C2C12 myoblasts were treated with 5 µg/mL of each ginsenoside for 72 h. (B) Structure of the ′hit′ ginsenosides CPP531, ginsenoside Rk₂ (designated as CPP533) and isoginsenoside Rh₃ (designated as CPP534). (C) MTT assay showing the dose-dependent effect of CPP531 on C2C12 myoblast proliferation. Myoblasts were treated with CPP531 for 72 h. (D) MTT assay showing the time-dependent effect CPP531 treatment on C2C12 proliferation. (E) Micrographs of C2C12 myoblasts treated with CPP531 for 72 h. Scale bar = 200 µm. For (A–D): *p < 0.05 for significantly increased proliferation compared to vehicle treated myoblasts.